Antixenosis resistance affects the behavior of an insect pest and usually is expressed as nonpreference of the insect for a resistant plant compared with a susceptible plant. Mechanisms of antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance of fourteen soybean genotypes in response to whiteflies bemisia tabaci. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Reevaluating the conceptual framework for applied research on host. Mekanisme ketahanan, pola pewarisan genetik dan screening. Hostplant resistance is the most desirable and economic strategy in the management of bph. Pdf mechanisms of antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. Alternatives to chemical control of insect pests 173 2. Mekanisme dan type ketahanan tanaman badan litbang pertanian. Tipe ketahanan yang terbaik tergantung pada jenis tanaman, jenis hama, hasil panen, serta toleransi konsumen terhadap kerusakan oleh hama. May 31, 2014 mechanism of resistance in plant against orientation, feeding and oviposition of insect arvindkumar h1d slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Presence of dense covering of hairs or trichomes on the leavespods confers resistance to many insect species. This is the case with plants that possess antixenosis resistance. To evaluate antixenosis, 10 common bean cultivars were tested for d.
Antixenosis and tolerance to diabrotica speciosa coleoptera. By senior scientist henrik hasman national food institutedtu antibiotics. Tolerance is measured as the plants ability to survive and thrive in spite of insect infestation. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
This arthropod is difficult to manage with pesticides or biological control agents due to the aphids ability to seek shelter in rolled leaves and also to develop virulent biotypes. Virus infectivity is defined as the capacity of viruses to enter the host cell and exploit its resources to replicate and produce progeny infectious viral particles rodriguez et al. Host plant characters responsible for nonpreference of the insects for shelter, oviposition. A set of 202 rils were developed from an f 2 population derived from a cross between g. Click the upload files button and select up to 20 html files or zip archives containing html, images and stylesheets. Instantly convert text documents, presentations, spreadsheets and images to pdf format with this free online pdf converter.
The use of antibiotics is the single most important factor leading to antibiotic resistance. The complexity of plantinsect interactions and the applied. Nonglandular trichomes trichomes affect locomotion, attachment, shelter, feeding, digestion and oviposition of insect and the effect depends on density, length and shape of trichomes. Although antibiosis and antixenosis resistance result in reduced. Antibiosis is considered a major aspect of resistance. The qtl analysis revealed six and four novel antixenosisresistance qtls in. Thus, tolerance resistance differs from antibiosis and antixenosis resistance in how it affects the insectplant relationship.
A plants resistancemay be caused by one or more of these factors. Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. Antibiosis and antixenosis resistance cause an insect response when the insect attempts to use the resistant plant for food, oviposition, or shelter. Pdf the aim of present research was to establish the role of epicuticular wax content in eight cabbage genotypes four white hybrids and one. Pdf converter is a online webbased document to pdf converter software.
Apoptosis programmed cell death orderly cellular self destruction process. Aphid resistance in medicago truncatula involves antixenosis and. Importance of antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to the. Antibiotic resistance the concentration of drug at the site ofinfection must inhibit the organism and alsoremain below the level that is toxic to humancells. Instantly convert html files to pdf format with this free online converter. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. Plants that exhibit antixenotic resistance should have a reduced initial number of colonies early in the season. In the powerpoint preferences dialog box, click general. It denotes presence of morphological or chemcial factor which alter insect behaviour resulting in poor establishment of the insect. Biological role of antioxidants to counter the harmful effects of free radicals,antioxidant defense mechanism operates to detoxify or scavenge these free radicals. The first, antixenosis, is the inability for an insect pest to find and feed on the plant.
But they may not feel like animals because they didnt have any nervous. The term antixenosis was suggested to replace nonpreference by kogan and ortman 1978. To date, 29 major bph resistance genes have been identified from indica cultivars and wild rice species, and more than ten genes have been fine mapped to chromosome regions of less than 200 kb. The third category of resistance is termed tolerance, and is described by the plants ability to tolerate insect attack. Adverse effects of resistance on arthropods biology resistance categories antixenosis antibiosis. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Pdf levels of tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis. Ppt host plant resistance powerpoint presentation free to. Tolerance is resistance in which a plant is able to withstand or recover from damage caused by insect pest abundance equal to that damaging a plant without resistance characters susceptible. Wait for the conversion process to finish and download files either one by one, using thumbnails, or in a zip archive. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any.
Reproduction and population dynamics as biotypic markers of. Pdf leaf epicuticular wax as a factor of antixenotic resistance of. Antixenosis to feeding nonglandular trichomes glandular trichomes leaf surface waxes thickness of cell well nutrient deficiency 12. A field trial with both antibiosis and antixenosis tests was done to verify results under natural conditions. Resistance conditions antixenosis since migratory aphids were deterred from settling on resistant plants within 6 h. Antixenosis for soybean aphids has been observed in some forms of resistance currently. Host plant resistance development of ecourse for b. Hospital antibiotic policy to curb the common misuse and overuse of antibiotics restricts the occurrence of antibacterial resistance among the hospital strains controls the spread of such infections to susceptible and critically ill patients in the hospital and the subsequent infection into. You will have access to both the presentation and article if available. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera. Host plant characters responsible for nonpreference of the insects for shelter, oviposition, feeding, etc. Antixenosis plant characteristics that lead insects away from host plant nonpreference. Host plant resistance is divided into 3 categories.
Biological control example of this process, called antibiosis, is provided by marigold tagetes species roots, which release terthienyls, chemicals that are toxic to several species of nematodes and fungi. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Levels of tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis among resistant buffalograsses and zoysiagrasses article pdf available in journal of economic entomology 1012. Divyansh divyansh24 anonymous answered question march 24, 2019 3 answers activevotednewestoldest 0 dr. Antibiosis is based on the plant inhibiting the development of the feeding insect, while antixenosis acts by influencing adult and larval behaviour on the surface of the host plant. Qtl mapping of antixenosis resistance to common cutworm plos. Up to 50% of all antibiotics prescribed are not needed or are not optimally effective as prescribed. Under print quality paper pdf, set the desired quality to an option of your choice. Finally, for several cultivars, also the leaf glucosinolate concentrations were analysed. Antibiotics in the swine industry free download as powerpoint presentation. Most studies have focused on antibiosis, although pubescence in sugarcane can be important sosa, 1988. Antibiotics and antiseptics for urinary tract infections rianto setiabudy s1 lecture, fmui regular class, june 24, 2008 internat.
Virus infectivity an overview sciencedirect topics. Plant resistance is achieved through three general mechanisms. Jun 14, 2016 brown planthopper bph is the most devastating pest of rice. Recent progress on the genetics and molecular breeding of. Antixenosis antixenosis adalah bekerjanya mekanisme ketahanan oleh tanaman untuk menjerakan atau mereduksi kolonisasi oleh serangga. S plants can respond to the any change in the surrounding environment and adapt themselves by modifying their morphological, anatomical, physiological or behavioural changes. Antibiotic resistancedefined as microorganisms that are notinhibited by usually achievable. Umumnya serangga berorientasi sendiri terhadap tanaman untuk makanan, tempat meletakkan telur, dan atau tempat. Save powerpoint presentations as pdf files office support. This chapter presents a brief coverage of a range of common plant allelochemical groups, and includes discussion of their structures, chemistry, distribution, ecology, bioactivity, biosynthesis, allelopathy, and mode of action where known.
Antixenosis adalah bekerjanya mekanisme ketahanan oleh tanaman untuk menjerakan atau mereduksi kolonisasi oleh serangga. Follow these instructions to set the print quality of the pdf. Several physiochemical characteristics contribute to insect resistance in grain legumes clement et al. Qtl mapping of antixenosis resistance to common cutworm. Behavioral manipulation methods 125 for effecting deliberate manipulation of a behavior, although it may occur in some instances as a sublethal effect of a toxic insecticide 65. Select the target conversion format, then upload up to 20 documents of supported input formats. Antixenosis plant characteristics that lead insects away from host plant non preference. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Antibiosis definition of antibiosis by the free dictionary. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. This approach resulted in a successful reduction in leafhopper injury to soybeans 40 years ago. Kogan dan ortman 1978 mengajukan usulan perbaikan bahwa istilah non preferensi diganti dengan antixenosis, karena adanya reaksi serangga dan bukan sifat dari tanaman. Thus, insect behavior generally is manipulated through inputs to the behavior and more speci. Determining the hostplant resistance mechanisms for banded.
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